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Amp Bypass
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SHURflo 4008-101-E65 3.0 Revolution Water Pump Sale Price: $69.95  |
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Designed for use in all travel trailers, fifth wheels, campers and motorhomes, the Revolution delivers 3 gallons per minute, and pressures up to 55 psi. Utilizes Flow Reaction Technology to reduce noise, vibration and excessive pump cycling... |
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Aube by Honeywell TI040/U 7-Day Programmable Timer List Price: $85.99 Sale Price: $70.65 |
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The Aube TI040 7-Day Programmable Timer features a selectable-voltage switch to enable the user to choose between 120 Volt or 240 Volt. The heavy-duty weatherproof casing (Nema 3R) makes it ideal for outdoor use... |
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Reliance Controls TCA1006D Panel/Link 100-Amp Utility/60-Amp Generator Transfer Switch For Up To 15000-Watt Generators List Price: $99.99 Sale Price: $99.99 |
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This economical single-load transfer panel provides safe single-load transfer from generator to an office, garage or farm building where the entire circuitry is to be powered by a generator during a power outage... |
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Sanitaire Model SC2835 13-Gallon Commercial Wet/Dry Vacuum, Non-corrosive Tank, 7.5amp Bypass Motor, EA |
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Five caster wheels for added stability Anti-tip design helps avoid mishaps Powerful 7.5 amp bypass motor, noncorrosive 13-gallon tank and convenient blower port. 1-1/2" accessories include 8-ft. flexible hose, two aluminum button lock extension wands, crevice tool, upholstery nozzle, 14" squeegee nozzle, 14" carpet/floor nozzle... |
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Absolute RLS125 12-VCD Automotive Relay SPDT 30/40A List Price: $4.14 Sale Price: $1.69 |
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This Bosch type 12V, 40A relay is popular in automotive sound and security installations. Plastic housing with mounting tab. SPDT, 30/40A. |
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Boss BV9560B 7-Inch DVD/MP3/CD Widescreen Bluetooth Receiver with USB and SD Card List Price: $528.00 Sale Price: Too low to display |
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The double-DIN BV9560B from Boss Audio Systems is an affordable way to add DVD entertainment to your vehicle. Enjoy playback of DVDs, CDs, SVCDs, and VCDs. Includes both a USB port and SD/MMC card slot for quick enjoyment of digital media (MP3/WMA/MP4) as well, along with an AM/FM radio with 30 presets... |
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Parrot MKi9200 Advanced Color Display Bluetooth Hands-Free Music Kit List Price: $249.99 Sale Price: Too low to display |
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Amazon.com Product DescriptionThe Parrot MKi9200 Advanced Color Display Bluetooth Hands-Free Car Kit system is a unique range of Bluetooth hands-free car kits which install in every car. It combines the latest communication technologies with a full set of services dedicated to music--A full system dedicated to conversation and music in car... |
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Ear Force DSS 7.1 Channel Dolby Surround Sound Processor List Price: $89.99 |
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Ear Force DSS is a 7.1 Channel Dolby Surround Sound processor that can attach to any stereo headset. Compatible with XBOX, PS3 and PC digital outputs. The Ear Force DSS 5.1/7.1 channel Dolby surround sound processor transforms any stereo analog headset into full, immersive surround sound for playing XBOX, PS3 or PC games and watching movies with Blu-ray or DVD players... |
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APC Smart-UPS SMT1500 1500VA 120V LCD UPS System List Price: $800.88 Sale Price: $369.99 |
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AMERICAN POWER CONVERSION APC SMART-UPS 1500VA LCD 120V Manufacturer : AMERICAN POWER CONVERSION UPC : 731304268666 |
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Tripp LiteSU6000RT4U 6000VA 4200W UPS Smart Online Rackmount 6kVA PDU 208V/240V/120V 4URM List Price: $5,812.20 Sale Price: $3,234.49 |
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Tripp Lite SU6000RT4U Tripp Lite SmartOnLine SU6000RT4U High Power Density |
Here are some more information for Amp Bypass:
Multimeter. The multimeter needed to do these tests is an inexpensive ($10) handheld analog one having a needle-deflection readout, and run by an AA-battery. Although multimeters can make several electronic measurements, the only two needed here will be the 150-VAC (volts alternating current) and the resistance (ohms) ones. Otherwise, a multimeter is kept in the off setting to save the battery.
For mini-lights, a multimeter can be used to test the following issues.
- The circuitry voltage (120-VAC) while plugged into an outlet. These two wires work independently from the bulb wire attached to them in a three-wire string.
- The continuity of the two 3-amp buss fuses in the male plug if the circuitry was not working when tested while plugged in.
- The continuity of each circuitry wire (hot & cold) if the circuitry was not working when tested.
- The continuity of individual bulbs (i.e., for non-working filaments and bypass shunts, and for slightly corroded lead wires).
Safety
. Since 120-volts of electricity pass through most mini-light strings, basic safety and correct procedures are paramount in testing them. Persons who know nothing about electricity, nor how-to-use a multimeter, should at least read-up on these subjects. Better yet, get professional hands-on training on them. Otherwise, the string and multimeter could be damaged, not to mention the tester him or herself.
Step 1. Test the circuitry. Plug the non-working string into a working outlet. Set the multimeter to150-VAC. Insert one multimeter probe into each of two female-plug sockets. (Most mini-light plugs are two prong.) The readout should be about 120-VAC, which means the circuitry is okay. If no reading occurs, double check the probe contacts in the female plug. If still no reading, unplug the string, and do the next step.
Step 2. Test the fuses for continuity (unplugged). Slide open the panel door on the male plug. Set the multimeter to a moderate resistance setting (inexpensive multimeters will have only one setting). Touch its probes together. The reading should go to zero, i.e., the needle will defect to zero.
Touch one multimeter probe to each end of one fuse simultaneously. If the deflection reading is zero for each fuse, they are okay. If not, replace the ones not having continuity; they can be found in hardware stores. It might be easier to do this test by removing the fuses first, and then testing each one outside the male plug.
Step 3. Test the circuitry wires for continuity (unplugged). If the fuses are okay at this point, insert one multimeter probe (still set to resistance) into one of the female plug sockets while the string is still unplugged. Touch the other probe to one of the male plug-in leads at the other end of the string. If no reading occurs, touch the other male lead instead. One of these two male leads should yield a zero reading for a good (continuous, unbroken) wire at this time. Perform the same test from the second female-plug socket.
If both wires do not give a zero continuity reading, something is wrong with the circuit wiring. Visually check these wires for damage. Repair any damage, if found, and retest them. If the circuit wires now show continuity, and the bulbs are still out, move to the next step.
Step 4. Test the individual bulbs for continuity (unplugged). Because the bulbs in question must be removed for this test, this process is much slower than by examining them with a magnifier and background light. Still, surprisingly, a few bulbs that look okay with the magnifier might not test okay with the multimeter.
Thus, the multimeter's probes must make good contact with each of the bulb's lead wires for a successful test. That kind of contact can be assured by scratching the bulb's wire leads with a sharp-edged tool until shiny before testing them. Replace any bulbs testing bad (no continuity).
Conclusion. Experts indicate the lifetime of the incandescent mini-light bulb is 3-to-5 years, depending on its amount of usage. After maintaining these light strings for that length of time, it is time to get new strings. If the same kind are purchased, the old ones can be used for spare parts and bulbs. Yet, the LED (light-emitting diode) strings might be a good option to consider at this point. They last longer than the incandescent ones, and they use up to 10-times less electricity.
To learn more about multimeters and how to use them, see the following sites.
1. Wikipedia Multimeter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimeter
2. WikiHow Use Multimeter http://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Multimeter
UPS Systems Sizing and Efficient Uninterruptible Power Supplies
UPS Systems Sizing and Efficient Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Sizing uninterruptible power supplies and UPS systems is more important than ever today as an oversized UPS system will lead to increased running costs and and under-sizing can leave little enough load capacity for future expansion. Correctly sizing a UPS system is also important for efficiency. Normally the lower the load on a UPS, the less efficient it will run and the higher the running costs.
Sizing UPS systems is not a complex topic but it is one of increasing importance given the higher power Blade servers now found within datacenters and the rapid growth that IT systems can experience within a short time frame.
UPS Systems Sizing
The optimum loading for any electronic system is 80% of overall capacity. Loading a UPS system to 90 or 100% capacity is more than acceptable as well but can introduce two weaknesses. The first is that it leaves little room for expansion but more importantly, an on-line UPS may be forced into bypass by small surges in load demand.
This is a normal UPS safety feature (and one that protects the load) but it can expose the load momentarily, until the demand decreases, to the vagaries of the mains power supply itself. Most on-line UPS are capable of working for predetermined periods on overload and these are usually specified in terms of 110%, 125%, 150% and 200% of capacity. However, the higher the overload, the less time the UPS will continue to power the load from its inverter supply. Line interactive or standby UPS do not provide the same level of inherent safety as an on-line UPS and without a built-in automatic bypass facility, will generally shutdown after a short period on overload.
UPS Sizing Considerations
When sizing a UPS system it is important to start with a classification of the potential loads to be protected:
- Critical Loads: are the IT, telecoms and and electrical systems that are critical to business continuity. They can include Blade file servers, telecoms systems, PCs, storage devices, security and building management systems. These systems may be so vital that it is important to power them through even long duration mains power failures, which will affect the size of the UPS battery chosen – or even overall power solution in terms of combining a UPS and generator solution.
- Essential Loads: are vital to the organisation but not critical. These could include some lighting, heating and ventilation systems. Some of these systems may well have their own emergency standby power facilities built-into them.
- Non-essential Loads: are the systems that are non-critical. A measure of their appropriateness for UPS protection is to consider their impact on day-to-day operations when removed (for maintenance).
From the list of critical and essential loads calculations can then made of the overall load size.
Real and Apparent Power, and Load Power Factor
Most loads are actually sized in Watts (or Kilowatts – kW). This is known as the ‘real power’ of a load. Rear panel rating plates on equipment typically lists their maximum Watt rating and these can be summed to provide an overall power calculation.
The next approach in UPS sizing is to look at the Amps being drawn by a system and the mains power supply voltage (Vac) it is being powered from. Combining the two using the formula VxA=VA provides the ‘apparent power’ measure or VA (kVA = 1000VA).
As well as rear panel rating plates, manuals, datasheets and online portals can also provide useful specification data sources for sizing information. Some UPS manufacturers also maintain equipment databases that can be accessed by companies such as Critical Power Supplies to help assess a client’s demand.
Real and apparent power are linked by a term known as Power Factor (pf). If only the Watt rating is provided it is common practice to total this and then divide the final sum by a power factor of 0.8 to give an overall kVA value. However, load power factors can vary from anywhere between 0.5 and 1.0 (unity) and care must be taken with this approach. In addition power factors can be ‘leading’ or ‘lagging’ and sizing for three-phase loads and generators adds further levels of complication to the calculation.
Two final considerations include runtime and redundancy. The runtime or battery backup required will influence overall system design, configuration, logistis and floor space requirements. For runtimes lasting several hours, it is a commonly adopted approach to use additional battery packs. For large three phase UPS this approach can be limited by space availability and budget. In such instances a standby generator can be more favorable.
Business continuity is normally the primary driver for installing a UPS solution. Resilience is a key factor that is driven by the levels of redundancy required. Normally this is referred to as parallel redundancy or N+X where X equates to the level required. For example, a 100kVA in an N+1 redundant configuration would require two 100kVA UPS systems to be installed, where one module alone could power the load if the other is removed out of service for maintenance or develops a fault.
Future expansion is off course a final factor to consider. It is normal practice to add a 20% expansion factor (multiply by 1.2). In addition, if the future electrical installation is allowed for, additional UPS modules could be installed to meet expansion at a later date.
UPS sizing is a relatively straight forward process. The larger the load and system, the more complex the calculations and considerations, especially in terms of resilience and capacity. For assistance in sizing your loads, designing a resilient system and selecting a UPS system, consider a Critical Power Supplies Site Survey by one of our Power Protection consultants.
About the Author
Jason Koffler is the Managing Director of Critical Power Supplies Ltd, a leading independent UK supplier of uninterruptible power supplies, standby power protection systems and ECO energy management solutions.
how can i bypass a factory amp in a mercedes 1991 350sdl (becker is factory radio)?
ok I have an aftermarket radio for my car...
pioneer DEH-P3700MP.
my car currently has factor head unit (radio/cassete player) and trunk unit (factory amp). I removed the factory radio and unplugged all its wires.
What I need to do know is hook up the aftermarket radio but I need to bypass the car amp so it instead uses the aftermarket radio's amp.
I called best buy they told me to bring it by but they said to bypass factory amp alone is $150. This was disappointing to hear. I know people can bypass the factory amps themselves with a simple kit. How can I do it for my specific car.
oh the factory car radio/amp is a becker model BE1432.
oh and another quick problem - my car's alarm will go off if it thinks the radio is stolen once the car is alarmed. Since I took out the radio, if I lock (alarm) the car and leave, 5 minutes later the alarm goes off - it thinks the radio is stolen. So I basically cant lock (alarm) my car.. its annoying!
amp bypass kit unplug amp and insert bypass wires in its place.
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